Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians

Xiao-mao Qin; Yi-long Liu; Zhuo-ting Zheng; Zhen Zeng; Bin Li

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians

Xiao-mao Qin

, Yi-long Liu^*

, Zhuo-ting Zheng

, Zhen Zeng

, Bin Li

Published in Science Discovery (Volume 13, Issue 6)

Received: 3 November 2025 Accepted: 17 November 2025 Published: 10 December 2025

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Abstract

Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the implementation of the centralized volume-based drug procurement (CVBP) policy in Leshan. Methods: A structured questionnaire based on the KAP theoretical framework was developed. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using snowball sampling method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors. Results: A total of 251 valid questionnaires were collected. Physicians who had received CVBP training (60.96%) and those with junior professional titles (28.69%) had significantly higher KAP scores (P<0.01). Awareness was highest for “priority use of CVBP drugs and agreed procurement volume” (88.45%) and lowest for the “retained surplus incentive mechanism” (54.98%). While 79.28% of physicians acknowledged the policy’s role in reducing patient financial burden, only 39.04% expressed confidence in the efficacy of CVBP drugs. Although 88.05% reported preferentially prescribing CVBP drugs, only 68.13% proactively counseled patients about them. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher knowledge scores positively influenced both attitudes and prescribing practices (all OR<1, P<0.01), Conversely, concerns about “low price–low quality”, senior professional titles, and higher academic degrees negatively influenced attitudes (all OR>1, P<0.05). Conclusion: The overall KAP level of physicians regarding CVBP policy remains suboptimal. Knowledge is a key driver of favorable attitudes and behaviors. Targeted dissemination of policy information and real-world evidence is recommended to enhance policy effectiveness.

Published in	Science Discovery (Volume 13, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13
Page(s)	121-124
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Physicians, CVBP, KAP, Influencing Factors

1．前言

国家组织药品集中带量采购（简称“集采”）政策是深化医药卫生体制改革、破解“看病贵”难题的关键举措

[1]

，在降低药品价格、减轻患者负担方面取得了显著成效

[2]

。临床医生作为集采药处方行为的直接决策者，其对集采政策的理解、认同与执行情况，直接影响政策的落地效果与患者的用药体验

[3]

。“知-信-行”（knowledge attitude practice，KAP）理论模型认为行为的改变源于知识的获取和信念的建立

[4]

。既往研究表明医生对集采仿制药的认知与态度是影响其使用的关键

[5, 6]

。因此，本研究基于KAP理论调查了解乐山地区临床医生对集采政策的知识掌握、态度倾向及行为实践现状，并分析其影响因素，为优化政策宣传培训、提升临床医生参与度、推动集采政策高质量实施提供实证依据。

2．资料与方法

2.1．调查对象

本研究采用横断面调查方法，以乐山地区各级医疗机构的临床医生为调查对象。纳入标准：①拥有执业医生资格证并在临床一线工作；②拥有独立处方权；③知情同意并自愿参与研究。排除标准：①私立医疗机构医务人员。

2.2．调查工具制作

在文献回顾、半结构化访谈及专家咨询的基础上，形成《医生视角下集中带量采购政策实施KAP现况调查问卷。问卷共分为两部分：① 基本信息：包括性别、年龄、学历、职称、医院等级、工作年限、是否参加集采培训等。② KAP结构问卷：知识维度包含6个条目，通过“知道”、“不知道”以及“不确定”的回答来评估，依次记为1、0、0分，总分0~6分。态度维度包含9个条目，采用Likert 5级评分法，答案范围从“非常同意”到“非常不同意”，依次记为5~1分，“非常同意”和“同意”被视为正面回答，总分9~45分，得分越高表明态度越积极。行为维度包含4个条目，采用Likert 5级评分法，答案范围从“总是”到“从不”，依次记为5~1分，“总是”和“经常”被视为正面回答，总分4~20分，得分越高表明行为依从性越好。预调查显示问卷Cronbach'sα系数为0.81，信效度良好。

2.3．调查方法

采用雪球抽样策略开展在线问卷调查。通过乐山市药事管理质量控制中心工作网络，将问卷星生成的电子问卷链接/二维码分发至各医疗机构，由院内药师转发至医生工作群，同一手机仅能提交一次。参照文献

[7]

方法，并考虑10%失访率，计算样本量至少为183份。实际回收问卷256份，排除填写时间过短（<1分钟）及逻辑矛盾问卷5份，获得有效问卷251份，有效回收率98.05%。

2.4．统计学方法

采用Excel进行数据整理、编码，使用SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。采用构成比、中位数和四分位数间距进行统计描述。采用Mann-Whitney U检验和Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行组间评分比较。采用多因素logistic回归模型（向前LR法）评估影响医生态度和行为的独立影响因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3．结果

251份问卷中女性、36~45岁、本科学历、中级职称、二级及以下医院、工作＞20年、参加过集采培训的参与者占大多数。医生总体中位KAP评分为53分，且初级职称、参与过集采培训的医生整体KAP评分更高（P<0.01），见表1。

表1 医生基本情况及KAP评分。

项目	人数（%）	KAP评分	知识评分	态度评分	行为评分
性别
男	115 (45.82)	52[45, 58]	5[3, 6]	32[27, 36]	16[15, 19]
女	136 (54.18)	53[47, 58]	5[3, 6]	32[27, 36]	16[15, 18]
年龄（岁）
≤25	9 (3.59)	58[42, 71]	6[2, 6]	36[29, 45]	16[15, 20]
26~35	74 (29.48)	52[43, 58]	5[3, 6]	32[26, 36]	16[15, 20]
36~45	80 (31.87)	53[45, 56]	5[3, 6]	31[27, 35]	16[16, 18]
46~55	67 (26.69)	53[48, 58]	6[3, 6]	32[28, 36]	16[15, 18]
＞55	21 (8.37)	58[48, 62]	6[3, 6]	35[29, 36]	16[15, 20]
学历
大专	55 (21.91)	53[49, 59]	5[3, 6]	34[30, 36]	16[15, 20]
本科	164 (65.34)	53[45, 58]	5[3, 6]	32[27, 36]	16[15, 19]
硕士及以上	32 (12.75)	50[45, 55]	5[3, 6]	30[27, 32]	16[15, 18]
职称
初级	72 (28.69)	55[51, 59]	5[3, 6]	35[32, 36]	16[15, 20]
中级	103 (41.04)	50[43, 57]	4[2, 6]	30[26, 35]	16[15, 19]
高级	76 (30.28)	52[48, 58]	6[4, 6]	32[27, 36]	16[16, 19]
医院等级
二级及以下	130 (51.79)	53[49, 58]	5[3, 6]	33[28, 36]	16[16, 20]
三级	121 (48.21)	52[44, 58]	5[3, 6]	31[26, 36]	16[15, 19]
工作年限（年）
≤5	31 (12.35)	54[47, 59]	5[3, 6]	34[29, 36]	16[16, 20]
6~10	50 (19.92)	51[44, 59]	5[3, 6]	32[26, 36]	16[15, 20]
11~20	84 (33.47)	53[45, 57]	5[3, 6]	32[27, 35]	16[16, 19]
＞20	86 (34.26)	53[48, 58]	6[3, 6]	32[28, 36]	16[15, 18]
集采培训
是	153 (60.96)	54[48, 59]	6[4, 6]	33[27, 36]	16[16, 19]
否	98 (39.04)	51[44, 56]	3[2, 5]	31[27, 36]	16[15, 18]

3.1．知识评分

中位知识评分为5分。“优先使用集采药和约定采购量”（88.45%）和“集采以量换价”（84.06%）知晓率较高；对“一致性评价”（68.53%）、“药学和生物等效”（62.95%）以及“本专业领域集采品种范围”（76.89%）的知晓率一般，而对“结余留用政策”（54.98%）的知晓率不足。而且高职称、参加集采培训的医生知识评分更高（P<0.01），见表1。

3.2．态度评分

中位态度评分为32分。本科及以上学历、中级以上职称、三级医院的医生对集采药的态度评分更低（P<0.05），见表1。多因素logistic回归分析显示，79.28%医生认为集采能减轻患者负担，高知识评分（OR=0.629；P<0.001）对其有正面影响，而高职称（OR=2.009；P=0.005）对其有负面影响；70.12%医生支持国家持续优化扩大集采政策覆盖范围，三级医院（OR=0.353；P=0.001）、高知识评分（OR=0.729；P<0.001）对其有正面影响；63.35%医生愿意将原研药转换为集采药，高职称（OR=1.578；P=0.026）和“低价低质”担忧（OR=3.341；P=0.005）对其有负面影响，而高知识评分（OR=0.759；P<0.001）对其有正面影响；58.96%医生认为集采结余留用政策能激励医生，高职称（OR=1.877；P=0.001）对其有负面影响，而高知识评分（OR=0.681；P<0.001）对其有正面影响；而仅有56.18%医生愿意给家人朋友推荐集采药，“低价低质”担忧（OR=4.05；P=0.001）对其有负面影响，而三级医院（OR=0.444；P=0.017）、高知识评分（OR=0.783；P=0.001）对其有正面影响；仅有50.20%医生认为集采药安全性值得信赖，高职称（OR=1.451；P=0.038）、缺乏真实世界证据（OR=2.179；P=0.005）、“低价低质”担忧（OR=2.293；P=0.026）对其有负面影响，而高知识评分（OR=0.801；P=0.003）对其有正面影响；仅有49.40%医生认为集采政策不会降低诊疗自主权，高学历（OR=1.932；P=0.007）和“低价低质”担忧（OR=3.521；P=0.001）对其有负面影响，而高知识评分（OR=0.736；P<0.001）对其有正面影响；仅有42.63%医生认为集采药能维持原有诊疗质量，高学历（OR=1.826；P=0.015）和“低价低质”担忧（OR=3.479；P=0.001）对其有负面影响，而高知识评分（OR=0.693；P<0.001）对其有正面影响；仅有39.04%医生认为集采药有效性与原研基本相当，高学历（OR=2.146；P<0.003）和“低价低质”担忧（OR=2.974；P=0.003）对其有负面影响，而高知识评分（OR=0.637；P<0.001）对其有正面影响。

3.3．行为评分

中位行为评分为16分。91.24%医生会主动配合完成集采任务量，88.05%会优先开具集采药，83.27%会主动反馈集采药疗效和不良反应，但仅有68.13%会主动患教并鼓励其使用。多因素logistic回归分析显示，高知识评分对优先开具集采药（OR=0.658；P<0.001）、主动患教（OR=0.651；P<0.001）、主动完成集采任务（OR=0.671；P<0.001）、主动疗效和不良反应监测行为（OR=0.749；P=0.001）具有正面影响；而特殊人群（老人、儿童、危急重症等患者）用药对主动疗效和不良反应监测行为（OR=0.385；P=0.008）以及三级医院对主动患教行为（OR=0.376；P=0.001）均具有正面影响。开放性问答调研结果显示影响医生优先开具或向患者推荐使用集采药的顾虑主要来自担心“低价低质”、对药物疗效信心不足（81.27%），药物安全性（53.39%），特殊人群用药（53.39%），缺乏充分临床使用经验和真实世界证据（50.60%），供应保障不稳定（49.40%），患者接受程度和依从性不高（46.22%）以及结余留用激励机制不到位（33.07%）。

4．讨论

本研究基于KAP理论模型，系统评估了乐山地区临床医生对国家集采政策的认知、态度与行为现状，研究结果显示，乐山地区临床医生对集采政策的KAP现状总体处于中等水平，医生整体对集采政策的核心知识掌握较好，行为依从性较高，但内在认同态度存在明显顾虑，呈现出“强行为、弱认同”的不一致现象，提示当前集采政策执行在很大程度上依赖行政管理驱动，而非医生基于专业判断的主动选择，而对集采药“低价低质”的担忧是其核心顾虑，与国际研究中部分医生对仿制药的认知偏见相符

[8]

，表明对药品质量的疑虑是阻碍医生主动处方的全球共性问题，应该通过提供高质量的、国产临床疗效与安全性真实世界研究证据来切实打消医生群体的用药顾虑。值得注意的是，国家集采规则也在持续优化，第11批国家集采首次明确提出“反内卷”原则，不再简单唯低价论，旨在从源头上引导市场从价格竞争转向质量竞争

[9]

。

KAP理论认为知识水平是串联并驱动态度与行为改善的关键枢纽

[10]

。本研究多因素分析发现，集采知识评分是改善临床医生对集采政策态度和规范集采药处方行为的关键正面影响因素。知识得分越高的医生，不仅对“以量换价”等集采政策理解更深，而且对集采药的疗效等效性、安全性认同感更强，并在优先处方、主动患教等行为上更为积极，充分验证了KAP理论中“知识是建立信念、改变行为的基础”这一核心逻辑

[3]

。因此，系统性、针对性开展集采知识培训是提升医生执行集采政策KAP水平的有效途径，尤其需要加强对“结余留用”等激励政策以及“生物等效性”和“真实世界证据”等药品质量核心证据宣贯，以科学的认知消除医生的用药顾虑。此外，本研究还发现高职称、高学历医生反而对集采药表现出更低的认同度，这可能源于这一群体通常具有更丰富的临床经验和更独立的临床判断力以及需要更多的用药自主权，其处方决策更依赖于坚实的循证证据和长期的用药经验，也进一步提示集采培训体系需要分层构建，针对低年资医生重点强化集采政策基础认知，而对于高职称、高学历医生则应更加侧重一致性评价证据及真实世界药品临床综合评价研究数据解读。

综上所述，集采政策的高质量落地实施亟需多管齐下，一方面应加强集采知识宣教，特别是“结余留用”激励机制和集采药真实世界证据；另一方面应着力构建集采药临床综合评价体系，用真实世界证据消除医生用药顾虑。通过“知识普及-证据支持-激励引导”的组合，才能推动医生从“被动执行”向“主动认同”转变，继而从根本上提升临床医生执行集采政策的KAP水平。

基金项目

乐山市科技计划项目（22SZD054）；国家卫生健康委能力建设和继续教育中心慢病管理专项课题（GWJJMB202510041037）。

ORCID

0009-0008-1210-6589（覃小貌）

0000-0003-4607-0269（刘易陇）

0000-0003-0491-7679（郑卓婷）

0009-0006-3203-5509（曾珍）

0009-0008-1532-264X（李彬）

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Qin, X., Liu, Y., Zheng, Z., Zeng, Z., Li, B. (2025). Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians. Science Discovery, 13(6), 121-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13

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Qin, X.; Liu, Y.; Zheng, Z.; Zeng, Z.; Li, B. Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians. Sci. Discov. 2025, 13(6), 121-124. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13

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Qin X, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Zeng Z, Li B. Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians. Sci Discov. 2025;13(6):121-124. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13

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@article{10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13,
  author = {Xiao-mao Qin and Yi-long Liu and Zhuo-ting Zheng and Zhen Zeng and Bin Li},
  title = {Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians
},
  journal = {Science Discovery},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {121-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sd.20251306.13},
  abstract = {Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the implementation of the centralized volume-based drug procurement (CVBP) policy in Leshan. Methods: A structured questionnaire based on the KAP theoretical framework was developed. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using snowball sampling method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors. Results: A total of 251 valid questionnaires were collected. Physicians who had received CVBP training (60.96%) and those with junior professional titles (28.69%) had significantly higher KAP scores (P1, P<0.05). Conclusion: The overall KAP level of physicians regarding CVBP policy remains suboptimal. Knowledge is a key driver of favorable attitudes and behaviors. Targeted dissemination of policy information and real-world evidence is recommended to enhance policy effectiveness.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians

AU - Xiao-mao Qin
AU - Yi-long Liu
AU - Zhuo-ting Zheng
AU - Zhen Zeng
AU - Bin Li
Y1 - 2025/12/10
PY - 2025
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13
DO - 10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13
T2 - Science Discovery
JF - Science Discovery
JO - Science Discovery
SP - 121
EP - 124
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2331-0650
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13
AB - Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the implementation of the centralized volume-based drug procurement (CVBP) policy in Leshan. Methods: A structured questionnaire based on the KAP theoretical framework was developed. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using snowball sampling method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors. Results: A total of 251 valid questionnaires were collected. Physicians who had received CVBP training (60.96%) and those with junior professional titles (28.69%) had significantly higher KAP scores (P1, P<0.05). Conclusion: The overall KAP level of physicians regarding CVBP policy remains suboptimal. Knowledge is a key driver of favorable attitudes and behaviors. Targeted dissemination of policy information and real-world evidence is recommended to enhance policy effectiveness.

VL - 13
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

Xiao-mao Qin

Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, China

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http://orcid.org/0009-0008-1210-6589
Yi-long Liu

Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, China

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-0269
Zhuo-ting Zheng

Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, China

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-7679
Zhen Zeng

Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, China

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0006-3203-5509
Bin Li

Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, China

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-1532-264X

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Table 1

表1 医生基本情况及KAP评分。

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APA Style

Qin, X., Liu, Y., Zheng, Z., Zeng, Z., Li, B. (2025). Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians. Science Discovery, 13(6), 121-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13

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ACS Style

Qin, X.; Liu, Y.; Zheng, Z.; Zeng, Z.; Li, B. Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians. Sci. Discov. 2025, 13(6), 121-124. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13

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AMA Style

Qin X, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Zeng Z, Li B. Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians. Sci Discov. 2025;13(6):121-124. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13

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@article{10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13,
  author = {Xiao-mao Qin and Yi-long Liu and Zhuo-ting Zheng and Zhen Zeng and Bin Li},
  title = {Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians
},
  journal = {Science Discovery},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {121-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20251306.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sd.20251306.13},
  abstract = {Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the implementation of the centralized volume-based drug procurement (CVBP) policy in Leshan. Methods: A structured questionnaire based on the KAP theoretical framework was developed. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using snowball sampling method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors. Results: A total of 251 valid questionnaires were collected. Physicians who had received CVBP training (60.96%) and those with junior professional titles (28.69%) had significantly higher KAP scores (P1, P<0.05). Conclusion: The overall KAP level of physicians regarding CVBP policy remains suboptimal. Knowledge is a key driver of favorable attitudes and behaviors. Targeted dissemination of policy information and real-world evidence is recommended to enhance policy effectiveness.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of the Implementation Status and Influencing Factors of Centralized Volume-Based Drug Procurement Policy from the Perspective of Physicians

VL - 13
IS - 6
ER -

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